Fatima Jinnah (1893–1967), known as Madar-e-Millat (“Mother of the Nation”), was a leading founder of Pakistan, a dental surgeon, and a key political figure who supported her brother, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. She played a critical role in the Pakistan Movement, advocating for women’s participation, and later challenged dictator Ayub Khan in the 1965 elections. 

Key Aspects of Her Life and Legacy:

• Early Life & Education: Born on July 31, 1893, in Karachi, she was the youngest of seven siblings. Orphaned early, she was raised by her brother, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. She graduated from Dr. Ahmad Dental College, Calcutta, in 1923 and opened a clinic in Bombay.
• Political Role: She was a close adviser to her brother and a strong critic of the British Raj. She played an active role in the All-India Muslim League and encouraged Muslim women to participate in national affairs.
• Post-Independence: She co-founded the All Pakistan Women’s Association (APWA) and assisted with the settlement of migrants.
• 1965 Presidential Election: At age 71, she contested the 1965 presidential election against Ayub Khan, representing a combined opposition, but lost due to alleged electoral rigging.
• Death and Legacy: She passed away on July 9, 1967. She is revered for her commitment to democracy,, and she was the author of My Brother.